Photo: Across Africa, millions of children like two-year-old Umoro, whose family live in drought-affected Kenya, are at risk of starvation
Right now, millions of children in countries across Africa are facing starvation in a catastrophe that has been largely ignored by the international media. These facts will give you some insight into the scope of the grave situation facing millions of children.
The United Nations has called this the worst humanitarian crisis since World War II. Across Africa, over 80m people urgently need food aid. Around half are children, double the number of Australia`s total population. Somalia, Nigeria, South Sudan and Ethiopia are currently the worst-affected countries and there are serious concerns about Kenya and Cameroon. Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Zimbabwe and Chad are affected by the crisis.
Right now, 2.5m children are at urgent risk of death due to extreme malnutrition. An estimated 7.5m children will suffer severe acute malnutrition this year. Malnutrition can be fatal and has debilitating, lifelong consequences for children who survive. Children who suffer malnutrition are at greater risk of contracting disease and less likely to succeed at school or in employment.
The reason for widespread food shortages varies from country to country. Recurrent droughts underpin the crisis, but countries such as Somalia, South Sudan and parts of Nigeria are also dealing with civil conflicts that hamper the supply of desperately-needed aid.
The situation is worse than conditions in 2010-11 when 260,000 people in Somalia died, almost half of which were children under five. This is the third year of drought in the region and multiple years of poor food production has depleted food and water stocks.
Despite early warnings, the international response has been slow, hampered by a shortage of funds and lack of awareness. The world`s media have failed to use their power for good. Aid agencies like ChildFund have been responding to the food crisis since early 2016.
The crisis is expected to continue through the rest of 2017, which will put millions more children`s lives at risk. Young children are the most vulnerable people when crisis strikes.
Many drought-stricken countries are dealing with outbreaks of water-borne diseases such as cholera, caused by a lack of sanitation. As the situation deteriorates across several countries there is a growing concern about the spread of diseases.
8.8 million children across Africa have dropped out of primary school because families have been forced to abandon their homes in search of food, water and security. With their livelihoods ruined, millions of families across Africa have no choice but to leave their homes in search of food and water.
The prices of staple foods have risen sharply in drought-affected areas due to high demand and short supply. Communities that rely on selling livestock to provide income for their families, like Marsabit in Kenya, have seen the price of sheep decline by as much as 90%.
In drought-affected parts of Kenya, an estimated 90% of livestock has died due to the ongoing drought. The drought has particularly hit areas that rely on livestock for food and income.
Photo: As the drought continues and food prices soar, children and families in Turkana are surviving on the most slender of means
Drought is not uncommon in the arid north of Kenya. But the increasing frequency of failed rains is unusual, and having a devastating impact on the resilience of local communities to survive food shortages.
Sharing a border with South Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda, Turkana is a region distinctive for its high temperatures and wide expanses of desert and scrubland, only interrupted by two metre plus termite mounds and occasional strips of verdant green along river edges.
To the first time visitor, Turkana is a harsh, unyielding environment. Yet historically, while rainfall patterns are among the lowest in the country, the annual short and long rains have been mostly reliable, ensuring that there is just enough water to survive the difficult conditions.
Today, however, Kenya is experiencing yet another extreme food crisis, with those in the north most affected. Drought in 2014, followed by poor and below average rates of rainfall in both 2015 and 2016 have led to this critical situation.
Not only have crops failed and livestock suffered, but in emergency planning meetings my Kenyan colleagues have expressed serious concern about the knock-on effects of continued drought – food prices have increased by as much as 30 per cent, and continue to rise. For families already surviving on the most slender of economic margins, this hike in costs is completely beyond their means.
Worse still, there is a real fear that the 2017 rains will bring little relief. We are witnessing, after all, the very real impact of climate change in the region. What was once a 10-year cycle of drought in Kenya, now appears to be occurring every other year.
Communities here are not reliant upon agriculture €“ the dry conditions mean that arable land is in short supply, and crop cultivation is challenging, if not fruitless, in most of the county. Instead, families in Turkana are largely pastoralists. Camels, goats and cattle provide milk and meat for household purposes, and income to purchase necessities such as flour, oil and medicine.
In times of drought, these communities are completely reliant on their livestock; there are no alternative sources of food or income. As pastures have dried up, many families have been forced to move their animals to other parts of the country in search of water and grazing pastures. Many animals have died along the way.
In other families, the lack of food to sustain the livestock means they are not healthy enough to sell, and unable to provide nutrition for the family. They face almost certain death.
What is now emerging is a dangerous and life-threatening situation further complicated by the already vulnerable state of so many children. This is a population which has only just begun to recover after the extreme drought conditions of 2014.
Local communities have yet to build up income, livestock, and even their own health status. There has not been enough time for children and families to €˜fatten up` €“ they have no additional body reserves and limited emotional resilience from which to draw.
This is also true of the local geography. Aquifers, underground storehouses of water which provide an important water source in Turkana, have not had time to replenish, nor has the quality of the soil rebounded, essential for growing food for livestock. It is drier than it has ever been, and still the rains do not come.
Today, as the world looks on, children and families in Turkana are facing yet another period of drought already fragile, already susceptible to the worst impacts of hunger, and with few resources to support them. It is difficult to show strength in the face of adversity when the body is so frequently tested.
Unfortunately, time is no longer on our side. We cannot rely on the rains, we cannot rely on human resilience, which is in such short supply. We must act now before this crisis becomes catastrophic.
